🇵🇰 Pakistan Studies
LDC (BPS-09 / BPS-11)
Part 01
100 Solved MCQs
LDC Pakistan Studies Test Quiz Part 1 | 100 Solved MCQs for Lower Division Clerk (All Departments)
Master 100 authentic Pakistan Studies MCQs compiled strictly from past papers of PPSC, NTS, PTS, OTS, and FPSC for Lower Division Clerk (LDC), Junior Clerk, and Clerical recruitment tests. Instant green/red feedback with verified explanations for each question.
1
In which year did the young Arab commander Muhammad bin Qasim conquer Sindh by defeating Raja Dahir at the Battle of Aror?
Explanation: Muhammad bin Qasim led the Umayyad campaign into Sindh and conquered Debal and Aror in 712 AD, defeating Raja Dahir. This earned Sindh the historical title 'Bab-ul-Islam' (Gateway of Islam).
2
Which celebrated Sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty invaded the Somnath temple located in Gujarat in 1026 AD?
Explanation: Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni conducted seventeen successful military expeditions into northwestern India between 1000 and 1026 AD, the most famous being the capture of Somnath in 1026 AD.
3
Who was the founder of the Delhi Sultanate and established the famous Slave (Mamluk) Dynasty in 1206 AD?
Explanation: Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a trusted general of Muhammad Ghori, laid the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mamluk Dynasty in 1206 AD. He is buried in Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore.
4
In the decisive Battle of Plassey fought on 23 June 1757, which British commander defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal?
Explanation: The British East India Company under Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah at the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, largely due to the betrayal of Mir Jafar, marking the start of British rule in India.
5
Who was the legendary ruler of Mysore renowned as the 'Tiger of Mysore' who embraced martyrdom fighting the British in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799?
Explanation: Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Sahab Tipu (Tipu Sultan) died fighting British forces at the siege of Seringapatam on 4 May 1799. He famously proclaimed that 'A day of a lion is better than a hundred years of a jackal'.
6
The historic War of Independence against the British East India Company broke out in May 1857 at which military cantonment station?
Explanation: The Indian Rebellion (War of Independence) of 1857 erupted among the sepoys at Meerut on May 10, 1857, and quickly spread to Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow.
7
Which last Mughal Emperor was exiled by the British authorities to Rangoon (Burma) following the failed 1857 War of Independence?
Explanation: Bahadur Shah Zafar (Bahadur Shah II) was deposed after the 1857 war and exiled to Rangoon, Burma, where he passed away in 1862 and was buried.
8
Who founded the Scientific Society in 1864 at Ghazipur to translate English and Western literary works into Urdu for Muslim students?
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the Scientific Society at Ghazipur in 1864 (later shifted to Aligarh) to introduce modern sciences and humanities to the Muslims of the subcontinent.
9
In which year was the historic Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) High School founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan at Aligarh?
Explanation: Sir Syed established the MAO High School on May 24, 1875, which was elevated to MAO College in 1877 and later chartered as Aligarh Muslim University in 1920.
10
Which scholarly magazine was launched in 1870 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to reform and modernize the social and moral conduct of Muslims?
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan launched the monthly journal 'Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq' (Mohammedan Social Reformer) in December 1870 upon returning from England to foster modern intellectual thinking.
11
On which exact date was the All India Muslim League officially founded in Dhaka during the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference?
Explanation: The All India Muslim League was founded on 30 December 1906 at Ahsan Manzil in Dhaka, sponsored by Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and presided over by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk.
12
Who was appointed as the first permanent president of the All India Muslim League in 1908?
Explanation: Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan III was elected as the first permanent President of the All India Muslim League in 1908 and served until 1913.
13
In October 1906, the landmark Simla Deputation presented the demand for separate electorates to which British Viceroy?
Explanation: A delegation of 35 prominent Muslim leaders led by Sir Aga Khan met Viceroy Lord Minto at Simla on 1 October 1906 to demand separate electorates for Muslims.
14
Under which constitutional act was the principle of Separate Electorates for Muslims officially conceded by the British government?
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act 1909 (commonly known as the Minto-Morley Reforms) officially granted the historic demand of separate electorates to Indian Muslims.
15
The historic partition of Bengal on administrative grounds was enacted in 1905 during the viceroyalty of which British governor-general?
Explanation: Lord Curzon partitioned the huge province of Bengal in October 1905 into Western Bengal and Eastern Bengal & Assam. It was later annulled in December 1911 by King George V under Hindu agitation.
16
In which historic joint session of the Muslim League and Congress in 1916 was the Lucknow Pact signed recognizing separate electorates?
Explanation: Signed in December 1916, the Lucknow Pact represented joint agreement between the Congress and Muslim League, earning Quaid-e-Azam the title of 'Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity' from Sarojini Naidu.
17
Who were the two prominent brothers who spearheaded the historic Khilafat Movement in the subcontinent in 1919?
Explanation: The Ali Brothers—Maulana Muhammad Ali Jouhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali—led the Khilafat Movement in 1919 along with other leaders to protect the Ottoman Caliphate.
18
In which year did the British Parliament dispatch the all-white statutory Simon Commission to review the constitutional setup in India?
Explanation: The Simon Commission, headed by Sir John Simon, was appointed in November 1927 and arrived in India in early 1928. It was boycotted by major political parties because it lacked Indian representation.
19
Who authored the controversial Nehru Report of 1928 which rejected separate electorates and proposed a unitary system of government?
Explanation: Motilal Nehru chaired the committee that drafted the 1928 Nehru Report. Its outright rejection of separate electorates led Quaid-e-Azam to describe it as the 'parting of the ways'.
20
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah presented his historic Fourteen Points in response to the Nehru Report in which year?
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam formulated his celebrated Fourteen Points in March 1929 during the Delhi session of the All India Muslim League, safeguarding Muslim political and constitutional interests.
21
In which city did Allama Muhammad Iqbal deliver his landmark Presidential Address in December 1930 conceptualizing a separate Muslim state?
Explanation: Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal delivered his historic Allahabad Address at the 25th annual session of the All India Muslim League in December 1930, proposing an autonomous Muslim state in northwestern India.
22
Who coined the word 'Pakistan' in his famous pamphlet titled 'Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish for Ever' published in 1933?
Explanation: Chaudhry Rehmat Ali, a Cambridge student, coined the name 'Pakistan' on 28 January 1933 in his four-page pamphlet 'Now or Never'. The letters represented Punjab, Afghania (NWFP), Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan.
23
On what date did Muslims across India observe the 'Day of Deliverance' on the call of Quaid-e-Azam following the resignation of Congress ministries?
Explanation: When Congress ministries resigned in late 1939 over unilateral British entry into WWII, Quaid-e-Azam urged Indian Muslims to observe 22 December 1939 as the 'Day of Deliverance' (Youm-e-Nijat).
24
Who presented the historic Lahore Resolution (later called the Pakistan Resolution) on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore?
Explanation: Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq (Sher-e-Bangla), the Premier of Bengal, formally moved the historic Lahore Resolution on 23 March 1940 during the 27th annual session of the All India Muslim League.
25
Which British cabinet member led the mission to India in March 1942 offering Dominion status after World War II in exchange for war support?
Explanation: Sir Stafford Cripps brought the Cripps Proposals in March 1942. Both the Congress and the Muslim League rejected the proposals, with Gandhi calling it 'a post-dated cheque on a crashing bank'.
26
The historic Jinnah-Gandhi Talks were held in September 1944 at Quaid-e-Azam's residence located in which city?
Explanation: The fourteen rounds of Jinnah-Gandhi talks took place in September 1944 at Quaid-e-Azam's house on Mount Pleasant Road, Malabar Hill, Bombay, discussing the C.R. Formula.
27
How many members comprised the British Cabinet Mission that arrived in India in March 1946 to negotiate the transfer of power?
Explanation: The 1946 Cabinet Mission comprised three British cabinet ministers: Lord Pethick-Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander.
28
On which date did the Muslim League observe 'Direct Action Day' to demonstrate Muslim resolve for an independent homeland?
Explanation: Muslim League observed Direct Action Day on 16 August 1946 to protest British and Congress negotiations, leading to widespread political momentum in support of Pakistan.
29
Who was the last British Viceroy and Governor-General of British India who announced the 3rd June Plan of 1947?
Explanation: Lord Mountbatten arrived in India in March 1947 and officially announced the Partition Plan (3rd June Plan) on 3 June 1947, which paved the way for Pakistan and India's independence.
30
Who chaired the Boundary Commissions appointed to demarcate the disputed borders of Punjab and Bengal in 1947?
Explanation: British barrister Sir Cyril Radcliffe headed the Punjab and Bengal Boundary Commissions. The Radcliffe Award was announced on 17 August 1947.
31
Who administered the official oath of office to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the first Governor-General of Pakistan on 15 August 1947?
Explanation: Justice Sir Mian Abdul Rashid, the senior-most judge of the Lahore High Court (later first Chief Justice of Pakistan), administered the oath of office to Quaid-e-Azam on 15 August 1947.
32
In which city did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah spend his final days before passing away on 11 September 1948?
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam stayed at the historic Ziarat Residency in Balochistan during his illness in the summer of 1948 before being flown back to Karachi on 11 September 1948.
33
Who presented the landmark Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 7 March 1949?
Explanation: Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan presented the historic Objectives Resolution on 7 March 1949, declaring that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone. It was passed on 12 March 1949.
34
On which date was Pakistan's first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan assassinated at Company Bagh in Rawalpindi?
Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan was shot dead on 16 October 1951 by Said Akbar while addressing a public rally at Company Bagh, Rawalpindi, which was later renamed Liaquat Bagh in his honor.
35
On what date was the first Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan officially enforced?
Explanation: The 1956 Constitution was promulgated on 23 March 1956 under Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, officially designating Pakistan as the 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan'.
36
Who was sworn in as the very first President of Pakistan upon the enforcement of the 1956 Constitution?
Explanation: Major General Iskander Mirza, who was serving as the fourth Governor-General, became the first President of Pakistan on 23 March 1956.
37
When was the first nationwide Martial Law imposed in Pakistan by President Iskander Mirza?
Explanation: President Iskander Mirza abrogated the 1956 Constitution and declared Martial Law on 7 October 1958, appointing General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Ayub Khan ousted Mirza 20 days later.
38
The Constitution of 1962 introduced what form of government and executive system in Pakistan?
Explanation: The 1962 Constitution, promulgated by Field Marshal Ayub Khan on 8 June 1962, established a strong Presidential system supported by an electoral college of 80,000 Basic Democrats.
39
On which date was the present Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan promulgated?
Explanation: The 1973 Constitution was drafted by a parliamentary committee, approved by the National Assembly on 10 April 1973, and officially authenticated and enforced on 14 August 1973 under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
40
Which landmark constitutional amendment in 2010 restored parliamentary sovereignty by abolishing the presidential powers under Article 58(2)(b)?
Explanation: The 18th Constitutional Amendment, passed unanimously in April 2010, revoked the President's unilateral power to dissolve assemblies and transferred substantial powers and fiscal resources to provinces.
41
The international border separating Pakistan and Afghanistan is officially known as which boundary line?
Explanation: The Durand Line is the 2,640 km border established following an agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Emir Abdur Rahman Khan in 1893.
42
Which narrow corridor of Afghanistan separates Pakistan from Tajikistan in Central Asia?
Explanation: The Wakhan Corridor is a narrow strip of land in northeastern Afghanistan created in 1893 during the 'Great Game' to act as a buffer zone between the British and Russian empires.
43
The de facto military border separating Pakistani-administered Kashmir and Indian-administered Kashmir is known as what?
Explanation: The Line of Control (LoC) is the 740 km military control line between Pakistani and Indian-administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir, established after the Simla Agreement of 1972.
44
What is the official term for the border separating Pakistani Punjab (Sialkot sector) from Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation: The border between Punjab province (internationally recognized Pakistan) and the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir is formally referred to as the Working Boundary.
45
Approximately what is the total length of the coastline of Pakistan along the Arabian Sea?
Explanation: Pakistan has a coastline of approximately 1,046 kilometers (about 650 miles), with around 814 km in Balochistan and 232 km in Sindh along the Arabian Sea.
46
In which province of Pakistan is the deep-sea warm-water port of Gwadar situated?
Explanation: Gwadar is situated on the southwestern coast of Balochistan at the apex of the Arabian Sea and the mouth of the Persian Gulf, forming the centerpiece of the CPEC project.
47
From which Gulf sultanate did the Government of Pakistan purchase the Gwadar enclave in 1958?
Explanation: Pakistan purchased Gwadar from the Sultanate of Oman for 3 million dollars (5.5 billion Pakistani rupees at the time) on 8 September 1958 under Prime Minister Feroz Khan Noon.
48
What is the disputed 96-kilometer water estuary lying between Sindh (Pakistan) and Gujarat (India) in the Rann of Kutch marshlands?
Explanation: Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between Pakistan and India in the Rann of Kutch marshlands, which dictates the maritime economic zone boundary between the two countries.
49
Which is the largest province of Pakistan by total land area covering approximately 44% of the country?
Explanation: Balochistan covers 347,190 square kilometers, accounting for about 43.6% of Pakistan's total land area, making it geographically the largest province.
50
Which is the most populous province of Pakistan holding over half of the national population according to census reports?
Explanation: Punjab is the most populated province of Pakistan, housing approximately 53% of the total national population, and has Lahore as its provincial capital.
51
What is the official height of K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen), the second highest mountain peak in the world located in Pakistan?
Explanation: K2 stands at 8,611 meters (28,251 feet) in the Karakoram Range of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, and is known globally as the 'Savage Mountain'.
52
Nanga Parbat, known worldwide as the 'Killer Mountain', is the ninth highest mountain in the world and belongs to which mountain system?
Explanation: Nanga Parbat (8,126 meters) marks the western anchor of the vast Himalayan mountain range and is located in the Diamer District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
53
What is the highest mountain peak of the Hindukush range situated in the Chitral district of Pakistan?
Explanation: Tirich Mir rises to 7,708 meters (25,289 ft) in Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and is the highest peak in the world outside the Himalayas-Karakoram ranges.
54
Which historic mountain pass connects Peshawar in Pakistan with Jalalabad and Kabul in Afghanistan through the Spin Ghar mountains?
Explanation: The Khyber Pass is a legendary 53-km mountain pass cutting through the Safed Koh mountains, serving as the historical highway between South Asia and Central Asia.
55
Which mountain pass connects the city of Sibi with Quetta through the Toba Kakar range in Balochistan?
Explanation: The Bolan Pass is an 89-km mountain pass traversing the Toba Kakar mountain range in Balochistan, connecting Sibi and Jacobabad to Quetta.
56
Which highest paved international border crossing connects Pakistan with China via the Karakoram Highway?
Explanation: Khunjerab Pass sits at an elevation of 4,693 meters (15,397 ft) in the Karakoram mountains, linking Gilgit-Baltistan with Xinjiang province of China.
57
What is the name of the longest non-polar glacier located in the Karakoram range under military contention between Pakistan and India?
Explanation: Siachen Glacier spans 76 kilometers (47 miles) in the eastern Karakoram range, renowned as the highest and coldest operational battlefield in the world.
58
Which vast desert extends across eastern Sindh into the Indian state of Rajasthan?
Explanation: The Thar Desert (Great Indian Desert) covers approximately 200,000 sq km, with its Pakistani section forming the Tharparkar district in southeastern Sindh.
59
The Cholistan Desert, popularly known locally as 'Rohi', is predominantly situated in which division of southern Punjab?
Explanation: Cholistan covers 26,300 sq km adjoining the Thar Desert in the Bahawalpur division of Punjab, and is famous for the historic Derawar Fort.
60
In which province of Pakistan is the sandy and arid Kharan Desert (where nuclear tests took place) located?
Explanation: The Kharan Desert is an arid sandy desert in southwest Balochistan. The Ras Koh hills in the Kharan/Chagai area were the site of Pakistan's nuclear tests in May 1998.
61
What is the longest river in Pakistan, originating from Lake Mansarovar in the Tibetan plateau?
Explanation: The Indus River (Sindhu) flows approximately 3,180 kilometers from Tibet through Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh before discharging into the Arabian Sea.
62
In which year was the historic Indus Waters Treaty signed in Karachi between President Ayub Khan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru?
Explanation: Brokered by the World Bank, the Indus Waters Treaty was signed on 19 September 1960. It allocated the three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan and eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India.
63
Which international financial institution mediated the negotiations and funded the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960?
Explanation: The World Bank (then known as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) successfully mediated the water-sharing agreement between Pakistan and India over a decade.
64
Tarbela Dam, the largest earth-filled dam in the world by structural volume, is constructed on which river in Pakistan?
Explanation: Tarbela Dam was constructed on the Indus River in Haripur/Swabi districts of KP. It was commissioned in 1976 as part of the Indus Basin Settlement Plan.
65
Mangla Dam, the second largest water reservoir in Pakistan, is built across which river in Azad Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation: Mangla Dam was constructed on the Jhelum River in Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir between 1961 and 1967 as part of the Indus Basin Project.
66
Which major under-construction multipurpose gravity dam is located on the Indus River between Kohistan (KP) and Diamer (Gilgit-Baltistan)?
Explanation: Diamer-Bhasha Dam is a roller-compacted concrete gravity dam currently under construction on the Indus River, designed to store 8.1 million acre-feet of water and generate 4,500 MW.
67
Which is the oldest barrage built on the Indus River in Sindh, commissioned in 1932 during British rule?
Explanation: Sukkur Barrage (originally named Lloyd Barrage) was opened in 1932. It is the pride of Pakistan's irrigation system, commanding millions of acres of fertile agricultural land.
68
At which historic location in Punjab do all five Punjab rivers ultimately unite before flowing into the Indus River?
Explanation: Panjnad (meaning 'Five Waters') near Uch Sharif in Bahawalpur district is where the Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej combine before joining the Indus at Mithankot.
69
What is the largest artificial (man-made) freshwater lake in Pakistan created for water storage?
Explanation: Keenjhar Lake in Thatta district of Sindh is the largest artificial lake in Pakistan, formed by the union of Sonehri and Keenjhar lakes to supply drinking water to Karachi.
70
Which is the largest natural freshwater lake in Pakistan and one of the largest in South Asia, located in Jamshoro and Dadu districts of Sindh?
Explanation: Manchar Lake is Pakistan's largest natural freshwater lake, located west of the Indus River in Jamshoro and Dadu districts of Sindh.
71
Who wrote the official poetic lyrics of the National Anthem of Pakistan ('Pak Sarzamin Shad Bad')?
Explanation: Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jalandhari penned the lyrics of Pakistan's National Anthem in 1952. The anthem consists of three stanzas in Persianized Urdu and was officially adopted in August 1954.
72
Who composed the musical tune and melody for the National Anthem of Pakistan in 1949?
Explanation: Renowned musician Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla composed the official tune of the National Anthem in 1949, which was played for the first time during the state visit of the Shah of Iran in 1950.
73
Who designed the national flag of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan with the crescent and star?
Explanation: Master artist Amiruddin Kidwai designed the national flag of Pakistan, featuring a dark green field with a vertical white stripe at the hoist and a white crescent and five-pointed star in the center.
74
What is the highest military gallantry award of Pakistan awarded only for supreme acts of valor in the battlefield?
Explanation: Nishan-e-Haider (Sign of the Lion) is Pakistan's highest military honor, awarded posthumously to service personnel who sacrificed their lives demonstrating extraordinary courage.
75
Who was the very first military officer to be posthumously awarded the prestigious Nishan-e-Haider for valor during the 1948 Kashmir War?
Explanation: Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed of the Punjab Regiment embraced martyrdom on 27 July 1948 in the Uri sector of Kashmir and became the first recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider.
76
Who is the youngest soldier and the only member of the Pakistan Air Force to receive the Nishan-e-Haider?
Explanation: Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas Shaheed sacrificed his life on 20 August 1971 by deliberately crashing his T-33 trainer jet near the Indian border to foil a hijacking, becoming the youngest Nishan-e-Haider recipient.
77
What is the total membership of the Senate of Pakistan (Upper House of Parliament) after the merger of FATA with KP?
Explanation: Following the 25th Constitutional Amendment (FATA merger), the Senate strength reduced gradually from 104 to 96 members (23 from each of the four provinces and 4 from Islamabad Capital Territory).
78
What is the official term of office for a member of the Senate of Pakistan?
Explanation: Senators in Pakistan are elected for a term of 6 years, with half of the Senate members retiring every three years in staggered elections.
79
According to the Constitution of 1973, what is the minimum age required for an individual to qualify as President of Pakistan?
Explanation: Under Article 41(2) of the 1973 Constitution, a person must be a Muslim, a citizen of Pakistan, at least 45 years of age, and qualified to be elected as a member of the National Assembly.
80
What is the national animal of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan?
Explanation: The Markhor (Capra falconeri), a large wild goat species characterized by wide flaring corkscrew horns found in the northern mountains, is the official national animal of Pakistan.
81
On which date did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah inaugurate the State Bank of Pakistan in Karachi?
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam officially inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan on 1 July 1948, delivering one of his last major public policy speeches outlining an independent economic system.
82
Who was appointed as the very first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan in 1948?
Explanation: Zahid Hussain served as the first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan from June 1948 to July 1953, laying down the regulatory and banking framework of the country.
83
In which district of Balochistan are the world's richest untapped copper and gold deposits known as Reko Diq located?
Explanation: Reko Diq is a giant porphyry copper-gold deposit situated in the Tethyan magmatic arc in Chagai District of northwest Balochistan, holding billions of dollars in reserves.
84
The world's second largest salt mine, Khewra Salt Mine, is located in which district of Punjab, Pakistan?
Explanation: Khewra Salt Mine in Pind Dadan Khan tehsil of Jhelum District is the second largest in the world and was discovered by the troops of Alexander the Great in 326 BC.
85
Pakistan's first motorway, the M-2 Motorway connecting Islamabad and Lahore, was opened to traffic in which year?
Explanation: The 375-km 6-lane M-2 Motorway connecting Lahore and Islamabad was inaugurated in November 1997, constructed by the South Korean company Daewoo.
86
Which major multi-billion dollar economic connectivity corridor was launched between Pakistan and China in 2015?
Explanation: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a landmark 3,000-km infrastructure project connecting Gwadar Port in Pakistan to Kashgar in Xinjiang, China.
87
In which province was vast commercial natural gas first discovered in Pakistan in 1952 at Sui?
Explanation: Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) discovered the massive Sui gas field in Dera Bugti district of Balochistan in 1952, which transformed the industrial economy of the country.
88
Which is the second busiest seaport of Pakistan, located in the Bin Qasim town of Karachi?
Explanation: Port Muhammad Bin Qasim (Port Qasim) was developed in the late 1970s along the coastline of the Arabian Sea in Karachi to handle industrial cargo and steel mills raw materials.
89
Which famous archaeological site of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization is located in Larkana District, Sindh?
Explanation: Mohenjo-daro ('Mound of the Dead') was built around 2500 BC in Larkana, Sindh, and was discovered in 1922 by R.D. Banerji. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
90
Which ancient archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization is situated in Sahiwal District of Punjab?
Explanation: Harappa is a major archaeological site of the Bronze Age Indus Civilization situated near the Ravi River in Sahiwal District, Punjab, first excavated in 1920–21.
91
On which date was Pakistan formally admitted as a member of the United Nations General Assembly?
Explanation: Pakistan became the 57th member state of the United Nations on 30 September 1947. Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan served as Pakistan's first permanent representative and Foreign Minister.
92
Which neighboring country initially cast a negative vote against Pakistan's admission to the United Nations in September 1947?
Explanation: Afghanistan was the sole country to vote against Pakistan's admission to the UN on 30 September 1947 over the Durand Line border dispute, though it later withdrew its opposition.
93
Which country was the very first in the world to officially recognize the independent sovereign state of Pakistan in 1947?
Explanation: Iran was the first foreign country to officially recognize Pakistan as an independent state in August 1947, and the Shah of Iran was the first foreign head of state to visit Pakistan in 1950.
94
Which historic peace declaration was signed on 10 January 1966 between President Ayub Khan and Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri ending the 1965 War?
Explanation: Mediated by Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), the Tashkent Declaration was signed on 10 January 1966, formally concluding the September 1965 Indo-Pak war.
95
In which city was the landmark Simla Agreement signed on 2 July 1972 between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Indira Gandhi?
Explanation: The Simla Agreement was signed on 2 July 1972 in Himachal Pradesh, India, establishing the Line of Control (LoC) and paving the way for the repatriation of 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war.
96
In which city did Pakistan host the historic Second Islamic Summit Conference of the OIC in February 1974?
Explanation: The 2nd Islamic Summit Conference was hosted by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Lahore in February 1974, bringing together leaders of the Muslim world including King Faisal and Yasser Arafat.
97
On which historic date did Pakistan conduct six successful nuclear tests at the Ras Koh Hills in Chagai, Balochistan?
Explanation: Pakistan detonated five underground nuclear devices on 28 May 1998 and one more on 30 May 1998 in the Chagai hills under Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, celebrated nationally as 'Youm-e-Takbeer'.
98
What is the annual celebration day observed in Pakistan on 6 September commemorating national defense during the 1965 War?
Explanation: 6 September is celebrated every year as Defence Day of Pakistan (Youm-e-Difa) in memory of the supreme sacrifices made by the armed forces and nation against Indian aggression in 1965.
99
In which year was the regional cooperation alliance SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) established?
Explanation: SAARC was established in Dhaka on 8 December 1985, comprising eight member states: Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Afghanistan.
100
In which year did Pakistan become a full permanent member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)?
Explanation: Pakistan was admitted as a full permanent member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) during the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan on 9 June 2017.
